Πέμπτη 31 Ιανουαρίου 2013
Απολυτίκιον Άγ. Νίκωνος του «Μετανοεῖτε» - 26 ΝΟΕΜΒΡΙΟΥ
Χαίρει ἔχουσα ἡ Λακεδαίμων θείαν λάρνακα τῶν Σῶν λειψάνων ἀναβρύουσαν πηγᾶς τῶν ἰάσεων καὶ διασώζουσαν πάντας ἐκ θλίψεως τοὺς Σο�
Πέμπτη 24 Ιανουαρίου 2013
Παρέμβαση Πατριάρχη Σερβίας για τις διώξεις σε βάρος του Αρχιεπισκόπου Αχρίδος
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Στην φετινή επιστολή της Σερβικής Εκκλησίας για τα Χριστούγεννα, ο Πατριάρχης Ειρηναίος αναφέρεται στη θρησκευτική δίωξη κατά του Αρχιεπισκόπου της Αχρίδος Ιωάννη και της Ι. Αρχιεπισκοπή Αχρίδος, μιλώντας ότι κατά το έτος ιωβηλαίου: 1.700 χρόνια από το Διάταγμα των Μεδιολάνων, το οποίο επέτρεψε την ελεύθερη ομολογία της χριστιανικής πίστεως, σήμερα στη ΠΔΓΜ εξακολουθεί να υπάρχει δίωξη εναντίων των Χριστιανών της Ι. Αρχιεπισκοπής Αχρίδος, μόνο και μόνο επειδή υπάγονται στην κανονική αυτόνομη Εκκλησία και για αυτό το λόγο βρίσκονται υπό διωγμούς των κρατικών οργάνων της ΠΓΔΜ με συμφωνία της σχισματικής λεγόμενης «μακεδονικής εκκλησίας». Η επιστολή λέει:
«Τα Χριστούγεννα είναι ημέρα κατά την οποία απελευθερωθήκαμε από τα δεσμά της αμαρτίας, του θανάτου, και του σατανά, και τα φετινά Χριστούγεννα τα γιορτάζουμε πριν από την έναρξη της τελετής για το επέτειο, 1.700 χρόνια του Διατάγματος των Μεδιολάνων, με το οποίο ο άγιος αυτοκράτορας Κωνσταντίνος έδωσε την ελευθερία στους χριστιανούς και το δικαίωμα της ελεύθερης ομολογίας του Χριστού.
Δυστυχώς, στο έτος όταν γιορτάζουμε αυτό το επέτειο της ελευθερίας της χριστιανικής ομολογίας της πίστεως, ακριβώς από αυτή την ελευθερία είναι στερημένοι οι αδελφοί και οι αδελφές μας που ανήκουν στην Ι. Αρχιεπισκοπή Αχρίδας, της οποίας ο Προκαθήμενος, ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος Ιωάννης, είναι κρατούμενος στη φυλακή από αυτούς που πολλές δεκαετίες δεν επιτρέπουν ο χιτώνας του Χριστού, σχισμένος από άθεο χέρι, ξανά να το συνθέσουμε.
Σε αυτήν την ημέρα, όταν η Γη χαίρεται με τον Ουρανό, στέλνουμε λόγια αγάπης, παρηγοριάς και ενθάρρυνση για τα τέκνα της Ι. Αρχιεπισκοπής Αχρίδος, με επικεφαλής τον Προκαθήμενό της και της Ιεράς Συνόδου της.»
Αναστάσιος: Να μην ενδώσουμε σε νέους διχασμούς
Είχαμε πάρει λάθος δρόμο, αντιμετωπίζουμεκρίση αξιών, λέει στην «Κ» ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος Τιράνων και πάσης Αλβανίας
Συνέντευξη στην εφημερίδα "Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ" και τον Σταύρο Τζίμα,
Για τον κίνδυνο να οδηγηθούν οι Έλληνες σ' έναν νέο διχασμό, παρόμοιο μ' αυτούς που ακολούθησαν στο παρελθόν τις εθνικές κρίσεις, προειδοποιεί ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος Τιράνων, Δυρραχίου και πάσης Αλβανίας κ. Αναστάσιος, σε συνέντευξή του στην «Κ». Παρεμβαίνοντας στη δημόσια συζήτηση για τα αίτια που οδήγησαν στην κατάρρευση, ο κ. Αναστάσιος λέει αλήθειες που πονάνε.
«Είχαμε πάρει λάθος δρόμο. Προβλήθηκαν ως ιδανικό της ζωής άλλες αξίες: περισσότερος πλούτος, μεγαλύτερη δύναμη, ευκολότερη άνεση, αδιαφορώντας για τη δικαιοσύνη και την αλληλεγγύη» τονίζει. Καλεί την ηγεσία της Εκκλησίας «σε σοβαρή αυτοκριτική» , επισημαίνοντας εμμέσως και τις δικές της ευθύνες για το ότι φτάσαμε έως εδώ και τονίζοντας την ανάγκη «συστηματικής κινητοποίησης της για έμπρακτη ανακούφιση των ασθενέστερων μελών της κοινωνίας».
Ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος χαρακτηρίζει «άρρωστο φαινόμενο» τα κρούσματα ξενοφοβίας και ρατσισμού, ενώ αναφερόμενος στα σύννεφα που συσσωρεύονται τον τελευταίο καιρό στις ελληνοαλβανικές σχέσεις εκφράζει την ανησυχία του. «Δεν πρέπει να επιτρέψουμε να δεσπόζουν οι ακραίες φωνές, οι οποίες καλλιεργούν εχθρότητα και μίσος μεταξύ των λαών» επισημαίνει.
- Ποιές σκέψεις κάνετε, Μακαριώτατε, για την κρίση που βιώνει η Ελλάδα;
- Παρά τον μεγάλο πόνο που η κρίση έχει δημιουργήσει σε εκατομμύρια συνανθρώπους μας, θεωρώ ότι τελικά μπορεί να αποτελέσει μια ευκαιρία σημαντικής ανανεώσεως. Όσοι έχουμε περάσει σοβαρές ασθένειες, θυμόμαστε ότι η πρώτη διάγνωση, που μας αποκάλυψε τον κίνδυνο, προκάλεσε μεγάλη ανησυχία. Όταν όμως άρχισε η σωστή θεραπεία, τα πράγματα άλλαξαν και η ασθένεια ξεπεράστηκε. Και στη συγκεκριμένη κρίση που μας έχει αναστατώσει, χρειάζεται ακριβής διάγνωση, κατάλληλη θεραπευτική αγωγή και υπομονετική προσπάθεια. Τελικά, ο πόνος μας ωριμάζει, όταν τον αντιμετωπίζουμε σωστά. Δεν λησμονώ τη γερμανική κατοχή με τις φοβερές καταστροφές. Μόλις τότε άρχιζα, παιδί ακόμα, να καταλαβαίνω τον σκληρό μας κόσμο. Πονέσαμε, επιστρατεύσαμε όμως όλες τις δυνάμεις μας, κυρίως την αλληλεγγύη, και αντιμετωπίσαμε με πίστη τη δοκιμασία. Είμαι βέβαιος ότι και πάλι θα φθάσουμε σε ξέφωτο. Αρκεί να μην ενδώσουμε σε διχασμούς που ακολούθησαν τότε και μας εξουθένωσαν.
Διάχυτη εκκοσμίκευση
- Είναι κατά τη γνώμη σας οικονομικό πρόβλημα, ή μήπως, με αφορμή την κατάρρευση της οικονομίας, εκδηλώθηκε γενικότερα κρίση αξιών;
- Πιστεύω ότι προηγήθηκε η κρίση αξιών. Είχαμε πάρει λάθος δρόμο. Η οικονομική κρίση είναι αποτέλεσμα μιας γενικότερης θεωρητικός αντιλήψεως σχετικό με τον άνθρωπο και τη φύση. Με κίνητρο τον άκρατο ευδαιμονισμό, που οδήγησε σε εντελώς διαφορετική κατεύθυνση από εκείνη που πρότεινε η χριστιανική πίστη. Ο τονισμός της ελευθερίας του ανθρωπίνου προσώπου υπεχώρησε, και δόθηκε έμφαση στην απόλυτη ελευθερία της αγοράς. Από κοινωνία ελευθέρων προσώπων φθάνουμε στο σημείο, ολόκληροι λαοί να γίνονται υποψήφιοι δούλοι απρόσωπων ομάδων, ανώνυμων εμπόρων του χρήματος, που ρυθμίζουν, από το προσκήνιο ή το παρασκήνιο, τις οικονομίες των λαών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα και απλά, η διάχυτη εκκοσμίκευση που επεκράτησε, απώθησε από τη συνείδηση των ανθρώπων την πίστη στον Θεό της αλήθειας, της δικαιοσύνης και της αγάπης. Συχνά μάλιστα, οι χριστιανικές θέσεις έγιναν στόχος ειρωνείας. Και προβλήθηκαν ως ιδανικό της ζωής άλλες αξίες: περισσότερος πλούτος, μεγαλύτερη δύναμη, ευκολότερη άνεση. Αδιαφορώντας για τη δικαιοσύνη και την αλληλεγγύη.
- Ευθύνονται μόνο οι πολιτικές και οικονομικές ελίτ; Ή μήπως υπάρχουν ευθύνες στην ίδια την κοινωνία, αλλά και ατομικά στον καθένα μας;
- Ασφαλώς, τεράστιες ευθύνες έχουν εκείνοι που κατά καιρούς ηγήθηκαν της πολιτείας, της οικονομίας, της εκπαίδευσης, της κοινωνικής ζωής. Αλλά το παράδειγμά τους ακολούθησαν και τα ευρύτερα στρώματα του λαού. Και έτσι, παρουσιάσθηκαν παράδοξα φαινόμενα: σε μικρά μέρη εκατοντάδες τυφλοί, σε άλλη επαρχία εκατοντάδες κουφοί, χιλιάδες συντάξεις για πεθαμένους. Πρόκειται για μια εκτεταμένη διαφθορά, που φανερώνει γενικότερη πτώση αξιών της παραδόσεως του λαού και της αξιοπρέπειας του. Αν ο ιός της γρίπης μεταδίδεται εύκολα, ο ιός του πλουτισμού και της παραβατικότητος μολύνει ακόμη ταχύτερα τις κοινωνίες.
Είναι πασίγνωστο ότι υπάρχει εκτεταμένη διαφθορά σε πολλές χώρες: φοροδιαφυγή, καταχρήσεις, αθέμιτος πλουτισμός. Προφανώς, αυτή είναι η μητέρα της οικονομικής κρίσεως. Οι ρίζες της είναι: α) Η απληστία, η πλεονεξία, με ποικιλία μορφών. Όσοι έχουν χρήματα, αγωνίζονται να αποκτήσουν περισσότερα. Όσοι στερούνται, ονειρεύονται το συντομότερο να γίνουν πλούσιοι και προσπαθούν να αποκτήσουν περιττά καταναλωτικά αγαθά . Όπως επισημαίνει ο Απόστολος Παύλος, η πλεονεξία είναι ειδωλολατρία, δηλαδή, άρνηση της λατρείας του αληθινού Θεού και προσκόλληση σε ανυπόστατα είδωλα, β) Η άλλη ρίζα της διαφθοράς είναι το ψέμα. Ένα υπέροχο κείμενο του Ντοστογιέφσκι βάζει στο στόμα του στάρετς Ζωσιμά την εξής συμβουλή: Μη λέτε ψέματα. Το κυριότερο είναι να μη λέτε στον ίδιο τον εαυτό σας. Αυτός που λέει ψέματα στον εαυτό του, και πιστεύει στο ίδιο του το ψέμα, φτάνει στο σημείο vα μη βλέπει καμιά αλήθεια, ούτε μέσα του ούτε και στους άλλους και έτσι χάνει κάθε εκτίμηση για τους άλλους και κάθε αυτοεκτίμηση. Μη εκτιμώντας κανέναν, παύει να αγαπάει. Και μη έχοντας την αγάπη, αρχίζει να παρασέρνεται από τα πάθη και την ακολασία , γ) Ο εγωκεντρισμός, η λατρεία του ατομικού συμφέροντος, του προσωπικού, του οικογενειακού, του συλλογικού. Το αντίδοτο σ' αυτή τη μολυσματική ασθένεια παραμένει n δικαιοσύνη, μαζί με την αλληλεγγύη και την αυτοθυσία. Αυτά τα τελευταία υποτιμήθηκαν με την προβολή άλλων προτύπων.
Σεβασμός σε όλους
- Παρακολουθείτε, φαντάζομαι, τα αυξημένα κρούσματα ρατσιστικής βίας και ξενοφοβίας στην Ελλάδα. Θα θέλαμε ένα σχόλιο πάνω σε αυτά.
- Κατ' αρχήν, να προσθέσω, όχι μόνο στην Ελλάδα. Πικραίνομαι γι' αυτό το άρρωστο φαινόμενο. Και ανησυχώ. Η ρατσιστική βία συνιστά άρνηση της υπέροχης ελληνικής παραδόσεως και του χριστιανικού πνεύματος και ήθους. Ο σεβασμός κάθε ανθρωπίνου προσώπου, ανεξαρτήτως καταγωγής ή γλώσσας, ιδιαιτέρως όταν αυτός βρίσκεται σε ανάγκη ή δοκιμασία, είναι βασική εντολή του Χριστού. Ο ρατσισμός αποτελεί ένα άρρωστο αίσθημα υπερεκτιμήσεως του εαυτού μας, αλλά και ένα υποσυνείδητο σύμπλεγμα μειονεκτικότητος. Κανένα από τα δύο δεν ταιριάζει σε έναν άνθρωπο πολιτισμένο, σε έναν ώριμο και αξιοπρεπή λαό. Όλοι μας, αλλά ιδιαίτερα η Εκκλησία οφείλει να καλλιεργήσει και να ενισχύσει τον σεβασμό στον άλλον άνθρωπο, τον διαφορετικό. Ιδίως κάθε μορφή βίας εν ονόματι της θρησκείας, βιάζει την ίδια τη θρησκεία. Το επαναλαμβάνω, στην Ελλάδα, στην Αλβανία, στην παγκόσμια κοινότητα, σε διεθνή συνέδρια. Βεβαίως, υπάρχουν και πολλές περιπτώσεις, όπου μετανάστες καταχράσθηκαν τη φιλοξενία και έδειξαν εγκληματική συμπεριφορά. Προφανώς, αυτά τα φαινόμενα πρέπει να αντιμετωπισθούν σθεναρά από την υπεύθυνη πολιτεία, με σοβαρότητα και διάκριση. Άμεσο χρέος όλων όσοι ποθούν μια δίκαιη κοινωνία αδελφοσύνης είναι να αντισταθούν σε οποιαδήποτε μορφή ρατσισμού και να εργασθούν για την κοινωνική, οικονομική και πνευματική πρόοδο, τόσο της δικής μας χώρας όσο και της ευρύτερης περιοχής. Για να προχωρήσουμε όλοι μαζί στην ορθή πνευματική εξέλιξη και άνοδο.
Να απομονώσουμε τις ακραίες φωνές
- Το τελευταίο διάστημα συσσωρεύονται κάποια σύννεφα στις εν γένει καλές, τα τελευταία χρόνια, ελληνο-αλβανικές σχέσεις. Ανησυχείτε για το ενδεχόμενο πισωγύρισμα;
- Το βλέπω, πονώ και ανησυχώ. Αλλά δεν πρέπει να περιοριζόμαστε στις ανησυχίες. Χρειάζεται θετική, δημιουργική αντιμετώπιση. Να μην επιτρέψουμε να δεσπόζουν οι ακραίες φωνές, οι οποίες καλλιεργούν εχθρότητα και μίσος μεταξύ των λαών. Η πλειοψηφία καταλαβαίνει ότι μόνο η αρμονική συνεργασία μεταξύ των λαών θα βοηθήσει, στον 21ον αιώνα, στην ανάπτυξη και κοινή ευημερία. Από όλες τις πλευρές, επιβάλλεται νηφαλιότητα, αυτοσυγκράτηση και δημιουργικός διάλογος. Η Βαλκανική έχει υποφέρει από τους κατά καιρούς εθνικιστικούς παροξυσμούς. Η πορεία μας σε μια ενωμένη Ευρώπη, με αλληλοκατανόηση και αλληλοσεβασμό, είναι το ζητούμενο. Προσωπικά πιστεύω ότι τον τελευταίο λόγο δεν τον έχει το μίσος, αλλά ο Θεός της αγάπης. Και "η τελεία αγάπη έξω βάλλει τον φόβον". Οποιονδήποτε φόβο.
Ως Αρχιεπίσκοπος έχω στηρίξει τη ζωή και το έργο μου σ' αυτή τη βεβαιότητα, και προσπαθώ vα αγωνίζομαι, με πίστη, υπομονή και συστηματική εργασία, για την ειρήνη, την καταλλαγή, την αδελφοσύνη μεταξύ των ανθρώπων και των λαών.
Η ηγεσία της Εκκλησίας να κάνει σοβαρή αυτοκριτική
- Πως βλέπετε τον ρόλο της Εκκλησίας σ' αυτή την κρίση που ακουμπά γενικότερα την Ευρώπη;
- Επιβάλλεται άμεση, συστηματική κινητοποίηση για έμπρακτη ανακούφιση των ασθενεστέρων μελών της κοινωνίας. Από κάθε επισκοπή, κάθε ενορία, κάθε εκκλησιαστικό φορέα. Δόξα τω Θεώ, έχουν ήδη αναπτυχθεί σ' αυτό τον τομέα σοβαρές εκκλησιαστικές προσπάθειες. Αλλά οι ανάγκες παραμένουν τεράστιες πρέπει να εμπνεύσουμε μια καθολική επιστράτευση. Αλλά ας το υπογραμμίσουμε: Εκκλησία δεν είναι μόνο οι κληρικοί και οι εκκλησιαστικοί υπάλληλοι. Είμαστε όλοι οι βαπτισμένοι. Χαίρομαι που βλέπω διάφορες ομάδες λαϊκών, με πρωτότυπες ιδέες και δράσεις, να συμπαραστέκονται σε όσους έχουν περισσότερη ανάγκη. Η κρίση πρέπει να αντιμετωπισθεί με τη μεγαλύτερη δυνατή ανάπτυξη της αλληλεγγύης. Αλλά ταυτόχρονα, η Εκκλησία οφείλει να αρθρώσει λόγο προφητικό. Σθεναρή κριτική στα μέλη των Εκκλησιών μας για την ασυνεπή προς τις αρχές του Ευαγγελίου στάση. Για τη μικρή ή μεγάλη συμμετοχή στην αδικία και την κοινωνική διαφθορά. Άσκηση θαρρετής κριτικής στα υλιστικά ιδεώδη και συστήματα που απεργάζονται την αδικία και την οικονομική κρίση ειδικότερα. Χωρίς, βέβαια, να μπλέξουμε με την πολιτική. Η οικονομική αυθαιρεσία, η διαφθορά, η αναλγησία άνθησαν με όποιο οικονομικό σύστημα και αν επιβλήθηκε, καπιταλιστικό ή σοσιαλιστικό. Συγχρόνως όμως επείγει, όσοι έχουμε κάποια ευθύνη στην Εκκλησία, να προχωρήσουμε σε σοβαρή αυτοκριτική. Τελευταίως, με καίει το ερώτημα: Πώς ένας λαός, που στη συντριπτική πλειοψηφία δηλώνει Ορθόδοξος, έφθασε στο να αδιαφορεί για στοιχειώδη θέματα τιμιότητος, συνεπείας, δικαιοσύνης και αλήθειας. Μήπως αδιαφορήσαμε για τα βαρύτερα του νόμου, «την κρίσιν και τον έλεον και την πίστιν»(υποτιμώντας τη δικαιοσύνη και την αγάπη), και προβάλαμε «τον ηδύοσμον και το άνηθον και το κύμινον»; Μήπως εκθρέψαμε μια εξωτερική θρησκευτικότητα, με φαντασμαγορικά πανηγύρια (κάποτε τύπου μπαρόκ), και παραλείψαμε τη μεθοδική, σιωπηλή πνευματική καλλιέργεια του βάθους της ψυχής, ιδιαίτερα την τήρηση του χρυσού κανόνα: «πάντα όσα αν θέλητε ίνα ποιώσιν υμίν οι άνθρωποι, ούτω και υμείς ποιείτε αυτοίς», τη γνήσια πίστη και ταπείνωση, την ανιδιοτελή αγάπη. Ο Χριστός υπήρξε σαφής: «Ο έχων τας εντολής μου και τηρών αυτάς, εκείνος εστίν ο αγαπών, ο δε αγαπών με αγαπηθήσεται υπό του Πατρός μου. Και εγώ αγαπήσω αυτόν και εμφανίσω αυτώ εμαυτόν». Η αληθινή ευσέβεια δεν κατασπαταλά τον χρόνο στα εξωτερικά, συνήθως περιττά, στην κατάκριση, αλλά εκφράζεται με συνειδητή υπακοή στο θέλημα του Θεού, με τιμιότητα, με σοβαρότητα, με ειλικρινείς πράξεις αγάπης.
Τελικά, το ζητούμενο για όλους είναι η «μετάνοια». Ίσως, για πολλούς, εκκοσμικευμένους συμπολίτες μας, αυτή η λέξη θεωρείται πολύ θρησκευτική και παρωχημένη. Αλλά, όσοι πιστεύουμε στον Χριστό, γνωρίζουμε ότι αυτή είναι η καθοριστική αρχή του Χριστιανισμού. Αυτήν ανέδειξε πυρήνα του μηνύματός Του ο Κύριός μας: «μετανοείτε και πιστεύετε εν τω Ευαγγελίω». Μόνο με αλλαγή νου και καρδιάς μπορούμε να σταματήσουμε συνήθειες και πάθη που αρρωσταίνουν την κοινωνία μας. Η ειλικρινής και συνεπής μετάνοια είναι η μόνη ουσιαστική θεραπευτική αγωγή για να δούμε καλύτερες μέρες, ως πρόσωπα και ως κοινωνία.
Και κάτι ακόμη: Η Εκκλησία σήμερα οφείλει να προσφέρει συγχρόνως μήνυμα αισιοδοξίας και ελπίδος. Στη διάρκεια μεγάλων δοκιμασιών και θλίψεων, μπορούν να αναδυθούν σπάνιες αρετές κρυμμένες στα κοιτάσματα του DNA του Ορθοδόξου λαού: καρτερία, αντοχή, φιλαλήθεια, φιλότιμο, φιλαλληλία, υπομονή, συγχωρητικότητα, αυτοθυσία. Υπέροχα στοιχεία, που ο λαός μας τα έχει εμπρός του, μπορεί να τα βλέπει προσωποποιημένα στις μορφές τόσων αγίων, όλων των τάξεων και ηλικιών, αλλά και λαϊκών ηγετών, όπως του Μακρυγιάννη και του Καποδίστρια. Αυτά τα χαρακτηριστικά, θεωρώ ότι αποτελούν τα πιο πολύτιμα αντισώματα στις λιποθυμικές τάσεις του κοινωνικού σώματος. Και αυτά πρέπει να ενεργοποιηθούν σήμερα με αποφασιστική συμβολή και της Εκκλησίας.
Τετάρτη 23 Ιανουαρίου 2013
Σκληρές συνθήκες φυλάκισης για τον Αρχιεπίσκοπο Αχρίδος στο «Ιντρίζοβο»
Γραφείο Ειδήσεων Amen.gr, με πληροφορίες από την Ιερά Αρχιεπισκοπή Αχρίδος
Υπενθυμίζεται ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος Αχρίδος και Μητροπολίτης Σκοπίων Ιωάννης καταδικάστηκε ερήμην σε φυλάκιση δύο ετών και έξι μηνών. Παραταύτα, όπως σημειώνουν συνεργάτες του, αυτή η ποινή και οι αιτίες της δεν αποτελούν λόγο για έναν τόσο αυστηρό εγκλεισμό και μια εξαιρετικά σκληρή μεταχείριση δεδομένου ότι άλλοι κρατούμενοι, με πολύ μεγαλύτερες ποινές, απολαμβάνουν καλύτερες και ηπιότερες συνθήκες κράτησης.
Σύμφωνα με πληροφορίες από το περιβάλλον του Αρχιεπισκόπου Ιωάννη, η απόφαση αυτή των Αρχών φέρεται να είναι αποτέλεσμα των πιέσεων και των απαιτήσεων της σχισματικής αυτοπροσδιοριζόμενης «Μακεδονίκης Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας» που – σύμφωνα με τις ίδιες πηγές – επέμεινε η κράτηση του κανονικού Ποιμενάρχου της χώρας να είναι ιδιαίτερα αυστηρή ώστε να καταστεί ιδιαίτερα δύσκολη η επικοινωνία του με τους συγγενείς και συνεργάτες του.
Τρίτη 6 Νοεμβρίου 2012
How Are We Saved?
Nov 2, 2012
Fr. Theodore Stylianopoulos
Twenty First Sunday
Epistle Reading: Galatians 2:16-20
Knowing that a man is not justified by works of the Law, but through faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ, and not by works of the Law, because by works of the Law shall no one be justified . . . For through the Law I have died to the Law, that I might live to God. I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me; and the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me-- Gal 2:16-17, 19-20.
A large segment of Protestant Christians in the United States are known as Evangelicals. Evangelicals take the Bible seriously. They center their lives on the evangelion (the gospel)--the good news of salvation. They often talk about personal salvation, about “how you get saved,” and the familiar answer is: Accept Christ as your personal Savior in sincere prayer, ask Him to come into your heart and forgive your sins, and you are saved. You are then put right before God and enjoy a personal relationship with Christ. This event is called “justification by faith” or more generally “salvation by faith,” apart from good works. This teaching is based on texts especially from the letters of St. Paul, such as the above (Gal 2:16-20). Many Evangelicals recall the exact date and time of being “born again” and celebrate it as the foremost event in their lives.
We do not judge the sincere convictions of other Christians, lest we be judged, according to the words of the Lord (Mat 7:1). Justification by faith is an authentic teaching of the New Testament. It is also a part of Orthodox teaching because whatever the New Testament teaches as essential, the Orthodox Church teaches as well. The Bible belongs to the Church. Equally, the acts of penitent prayer, asking God for forgiveness, and inviting Christ and the Holy Spirit to dwell in our hearts--these acts, too, are indispensable to Orthodox Christian life. But we must ask: is salvation a one-time event in life? What is the role of faith and works in the mystery of our salvation? What does Jesus say? What does St. Paul say? What do we teach about these issues as Orthodox Christians?
Let’s take a few examples from the life of Christ. We know that Jesus emphasized faith. To the woman with the issue of blood whom He healed, He said: “Your faith has made you well” (Mark 5:34). To the blind beggar He met on a street in Jericho and also healed, He said: “Your faith has made you well” (Mark 10:52). Jesus tied personal faith in Him to the efficacy of healings. But was faith the most critical factor behind these cures? Jesus perceived “power had gone forth from him” to heal the woman with the issue of blood (Mark 5:30). Sometimes Christ out of compassion healed people without asking for faith (Mark 1:34; 3:5). And so with all the acts of healing, it was above all Christ’s divine power that cured the sick, the lame, and the blind. The role of faith was significant but secondary to divine grace. God provided the grace, faith received the gift.
Jesus connected personal faith in Him to our eternal salvation. He declared: “Every one who acknowledges me before people, I also will acknowledge them before my Father in heaven; but whoever denies me before people, I also will deny them before my father in heaven” (Mat 10:32-33). The Gospel of John frequently connects faith in Christ to each person’s eternal destiny. We read: “For God so loved the world that He gave His only Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16). And again: “I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes in me shall never die” (John 11:25-26). Christ further declared to Thomas: “Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet believe” (John 20:29). Jesus himself is the supreme example of faith. In the garden of Gethsemane, as He confronted the prospect of death by crucifixion, Christ prayed to God: “Not my will, by Thy will be done” (Mat 26:39). Without doubt, faith had a primary place in the life and teaching of Jesus.
But Jesus also demanded good works to go along with faith. A man came up to Him with a question about eternal salvation. “Teacher,” he asked, “what good deed (ti agathon) must I do, to have eternal life?” Jesus did not send him away or correct him. He didn’t say: “You are asking the wrong question; you need only to believe in me and you will be saved.” Rather Jesus said to him: “Keep the commandments . . . You shall not kill; you shall not commit adultery; you shall not steal; you shall not bear false witness; honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself” (Mat 19:16-19). Rather than separate faith and works, Jesus closely united the two as being definitive to Christian life. That’s the undeniable implication of His great discourse we call “Sermon on the Mount.” The Sermon contains a vast amount of teachings and exhortations Christ expected His followers to learn and live by (Mat. chaps. 5-7). “Do not bear false witness . . . Love your enemies . . . Seek first God’s kingdom and His righteousness . . . Judge not, that you be not judged” (Mat 5:33, 44; 6:33; 7:1). Jesus set down these teachings as the necessary standards of moral righteousness. At the end of the Sermon on the Mount He denounced the kind of faith that is only lip service. He said those who relied only on faith risked the loss of eternal salvation. He warned: “On that day many will call out to me ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy and cast out demons in your name?’ And then I will declare to them: ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you evildoers’” (Mat 7:21-23).
Let us also recall the parable about the Last Judgment (Mat 25:31-46). When Christ comes in His glory with all the angels, He will gather all the nations before Him for universal judgment. Everyone will be divided into two groups--the sheep on the right and the goats on the left--before Christ the King. The ones on the right will be blessed and given the inheritance of the eternal kingdom. The ones on the left will be cursed and sent off to eternal fire. What will make the difference? What will be the criterion of judgment? Works of mercy! Feeding the hungry, welcoming the stranger, clothing the naked, visiting the sick and the prisoner. Jesus declared: “Truly, I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me” (Mat 25:40).
On another occasion Jesus referred to faith as lifetime work. He urged a crowd not to “labor for the food that perishes, but for the food which endures to eternal life.” They asked: “What must we do to be doing the works of God (Ti poiomen ina ergazometha to erga tou Theou)?” He replied: “This is the work of God (to ergon tou Theou): that you believe in Him whom God has sent” (John 6:27-29). The most pleasing work to God is the continuous exercise of faith in Christ as Savior and Lord throughout our lives. Christ promised us a continuous personal communion with Him, a continuous Easter experience, based on love, faith, and the keeping of His commandments. He said: “If you love me, you will keep my commandments . . . If a person loves me, He will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him” (John 14:15-17, 23). Our “new birth” is given to us in Baptism according to the words of the Lord: “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God” (John 3:5). And if we lose our way, heartfelt prayer, repentance, Holy Confession and Holy Communion provide personal occasions for spiritual renewal throughout our lives. How important for salvation the Eucharist is, we know from the words of Christ: “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day” (John 6:54). In these many ways, according to Christ, Orthodox Christians throughout their lives receive salvation and renewal through faith, works, and the sacraments of the Church.
Then there is St. Paul. The apostle is known as the foremost advocate of justification by faith. In the above text of Gal 2:16-20, St. Paul seems to say something very different than His Master about faith and works. These words of Paul reflect his conversion by which he left behind the Law of Moses and joined Christ wholeheartedly. Previously the Mosaic Law was the center of his life, but after Damascus Christ became the core of his being. Christ dwelt in St. Paul: “It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me” (Gal 2:20). From this transformed perspective Paul contrasted and opposed faith and works. He did so categorically: “A person is not justified by works of the Law but through faith in Jesus Christ; even we have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ, and not by works of the Law, because by works of the Law shall no one be justified” (Gal 2:16). The key to this passage is to see that St. Paul is referring not to ethical works but to “works of the Law” (erga tou nomou), namely, the Mosaic Law.
What are the works of the Mosaic Law? Anyone who studies Galatians carefully will note the apostle is referring to the Jewish religious practices of circumcision, dietary laws, and festivals (Gal 2:2-5, 12; 4:9; 5:1-6, 12; 6:12-15). The same reference to “works of the Law” is also primary in the Letter to the Romans (Rom 3:19-20, 27-30). For Paul, such practices were no longer necessary for salvation. Christ had fulfilled their purpose and also terminated them at the same time (Rom 8:4; 10:4). For Paul, to adopt such religious practices as some Gentile Christians were doing, was nothing less that betrayal of the gospel (Gal 1:6-9). He declared: “I testify again to every man who receives circumcision that he is bound to keep the whole Law. You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the Law; you have fallen away from grace” (Gal 5:3-4). St. Paul is not opposing faith to ethical works but to the “works of the Law.”
But what does St. Paul say about ethical works? Do ethical works have a place in salvation? The answer is, most certainly, yes. In the same Letter to the Galatians, Paul uses a striking expression: “faith working through love” (Gal 5:6). Yes, faith is primary, but faith working through love--loving deeds. Good deeds are inseparable from and essential to the life of faith. Otherwise, according to Paul, those who commit sinful acts and do not repent of them--and he names them: fornication, idolatry, sorcery, selfishness, drunkenness, carousing, and the like--“will not inherit the kingdom of God” (Gal 5:21; see also 1 Cor 6:9-11). In other words, those who do such things, including Christians to whom he is writing, will suffer ultimate loss of salvation. Toward the end of Galatians Paul pens the following admonition as well: “Do not be deceived; God is not mocked, for whatever a person sows, that he will also reap . . . Let us not grow weary in doing good (to agathon), for in due season we shall reap, if we do not lose heart . . . Let us do good to all, and especially to those who are of the household of the faith” (Gal 6:7, 9-10). We come to Christ as sinners and are justified by faith apart from good works. But once we connect with Christ and enjoy a saving relationship with Him, we ought to honor Him with good works because we love Christ and also because our final judgment will hinge in part on the criterion of good deeds. Paul states: “For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive good or evil, according to what he has done in the body” (2 Cor 5:10).
According to St. Paul, not only loving deeds but also the sacraments of Baptism (Rom 6:1-11) and the Eucharist (1 Cor 10:16-22; 11:23-32) are decisive to salvation. Read carefully Paul’s Letter to the Romans, chapters 1-6. Note how often in chapters 1-5 he speaks of faith, the importance of faith, and the blessings that come from faith. But when do all these blessings take place? What is the event at which salvation truly takes hold? Baptism! That’s the answer St. Paul gives in Romans, chapter 6. All of chapter 6 is about Baptism and life after Baptism. For Paul, it is in Baptism that the believer is united with Christ, dies to the power of sin, and receives new life in Christ (6:1-11). Baptized Christians ought to use their bodies no longer “as instruments of sin but as weapons of righteousness” (6:12-13). Life after Baptism, says Paul, includes the responsibility to live by the “standard of teaching” (typon didaches) which Christians have been taught (6:17). Otherwise, even for Christians, “the wages of sin is death” (6:23). Paul is clear-cut about the criterion of final judgment: “God will render to every person according to his works; to those who by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and immortality, God will give eternal life; but for those who . . . obey wickedness, there will be wrath and fury” (Rom 2:6-8).
Let us sum up the main points. The work of salvation belongs entirely to God. It is God through Christ and the Holy Spirit, who has the divine power to rescue us from the forces of sickness, evil, sin, death, and the devil. It is God through Christ and the Holy Spirit who alone provides justification, forgiveness, and new life to sinners who come to Him with faith. And God provides salvation as a most amazing and unceasing gift to all sincere seekers.
From our side, the question is about receiving and using the gift of salvation. The gift is offered, but if we do not receive it, we don’t have it, and certainly cannot use it. God offers the gift. We can choose to accept it or reject it. As Orthodox Christians we do not believe in predestination. Jesus said: “Whoever wants to come after me, let him take up his cross and follow me” (Mark 8:34). The gift and the challenge to follow Jesus through a life of faith and works coincide.
The reception of the gift of salvation is not a one-time event but a life-time process. St. Paul employs the verb “to save” (sozesthai) in the past tense (“we have been saved,” Rom 8:24; Eph 2:5); in the present tense (“we are being saved,” 1 Cor 1:18; 15:2), and in the future tense (“we will be saved,” Rom 5:10). He can think even of justification as a future event and part of the final judgment (Rom 2:13, 16). For Paul, Christians are involved in a lifetime covenant with God in which we work, planting and watering, but it is “only God who gives the growth” (1 Cor 3:7). We are “co-workers with God” (synergoi Theou, 1 Cor 3:9; 1 Thess 3:2). (Not “co-workers under God” as some translations would have it). The mystery of salvation is a duet, not a solo. It is a life-time engagement with God. It has ups and downs, twists and turns, with opportunities to grow in the love of God, knowing that we can turn to Him again and again and receive forgiveness and a new birth. When we come to Christ as sinners, we have no works to offer to Him, but only faith and repentance. But once we come to Him and receive the gift of salvation, we enter into a sacred covenant to honor Him with good works. We read in Ephesians: “For by grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not your own doing, it is the gift of God . . . [We are] created in Christ Jesus for good works” (Eph 2:8-10).
The teaching of the New Testament is that God’s grace, our free will, and our faith and good works, are intimately connected. The Holy Spirit energizes in us both faith and good works as we thirst for and seek God’s grace. Neither faith nor good works can be presented as merit before God, but only as return gifts in humility, love, and thanksgiving. Let us not forget as well the sober words of James: “Faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead . . . Faith is completed by works . . . A person is justified by works and not by faith alone” (James 2:17, 22, 24). By free will, faith, and earnest labors, we work together with the grace of God in the awesome gift and mystery of salvation. As St. Paul puts it: “Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; for God is at work in you, both to will and to work His good pleasure” (Phil 2:12-13). To God Almighty, together with the Son and the Holy Spirit, be praise and worship forever. Amen.
Epistle Reading: Galatians 2:16-20
Knowing that a man is not justified by works of the Law, but through faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ, and not by works of the Law, because by works of the Law shall no one be justified . . . For through the Law I have died to the Law, that I might live to God. I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me; and the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me-- Gal 2:16-17, 19-20.
A large segment of Protestant Christians in the United States are known as Evangelicals. Evangelicals take the Bible seriously. They center their lives on the evangelion (the gospel)--the good news of salvation. They often talk about personal salvation, about “how you get saved,” and the familiar answer is: Accept Christ as your personal Savior in sincere prayer, ask Him to come into your heart and forgive your sins, and you are saved. You are then put right before God and enjoy a personal relationship with Christ. This event is called “justification by faith” or more generally “salvation by faith,” apart from good works. This teaching is based on texts especially from the letters of St. Paul, such as the above (Gal 2:16-20). Many Evangelicals recall the exact date and time of being “born again” and celebrate it as the foremost event in their lives.
We do not judge the sincere convictions of other Christians, lest we be judged, according to the words of the Lord (Mat 7:1). Justification by faith is an authentic teaching of the New Testament. It is also a part of Orthodox teaching because whatever the New Testament teaches as essential, the Orthodox Church teaches as well. The Bible belongs to the Church. Equally, the acts of penitent prayer, asking God for forgiveness, and inviting Christ and the Holy Spirit to dwell in our hearts--these acts, too, are indispensable to Orthodox Christian life. But we must ask: is salvation a one-time event in life? What is the role of faith and works in the mystery of our salvation? What does Jesus say? What does St. Paul say? What do we teach about these issues as Orthodox Christians?
Let’s take a few examples from the life of Christ. We know that Jesus emphasized faith. To the woman with the issue of blood whom He healed, He said: “Your faith has made you well” (Mark 5:34). To the blind beggar He met on a street in Jericho and also healed, He said: “Your faith has made you well” (Mark 10:52). Jesus tied personal faith in Him to the efficacy of healings. But was faith the most critical factor behind these cures? Jesus perceived “power had gone forth from him” to heal the woman with the issue of blood (Mark 5:30). Sometimes Christ out of compassion healed people without asking for faith (Mark 1:34; 3:5). And so with all the acts of healing, it was above all Christ’s divine power that cured the sick, the lame, and the blind. The role of faith was significant but secondary to divine grace. God provided the grace, faith received the gift.
Jesus connected personal faith in Him to our eternal salvation. He declared: “Every one who acknowledges me before people, I also will acknowledge them before my Father in heaven; but whoever denies me before people, I also will deny them before my father in heaven” (Mat 10:32-33). The Gospel of John frequently connects faith in Christ to each person’s eternal destiny. We read: “For God so loved the world that He gave His only Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16). And again: “I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes in me shall never die” (John 11:25-26). Christ further declared to Thomas: “Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet believe” (John 20:29). Jesus himself is the supreme example of faith. In the garden of Gethsemane, as He confronted the prospect of death by crucifixion, Christ prayed to God: “Not my will, by Thy will be done” (Mat 26:39). Without doubt, faith had a primary place in the life and teaching of Jesus.
But Jesus also demanded good works to go along with faith. A man came up to Him with a question about eternal salvation. “Teacher,” he asked, “what good deed (ti agathon) must I do, to have eternal life?” Jesus did not send him away or correct him. He didn’t say: “You are asking the wrong question; you need only to believe in me and you will be saved.” Rather Jesus said to him: “Keep the commandments . . . You shall not kill; you shall not commit adultery; you shall not steal; you shall not bear false witness; honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself” (Mat 19:16-19). Rather than separate faith and works, Jesus closely united the two as being definitive to Christian life. That’s the undeniable implication of His great discourse we call “Sermon on the Mount.” The Sermon contains a vast amount of teachings and exhortations Christ expected His followers to learn and live by (Mat. chaps. 5-7). “Do not bear false witness . . . Love your enemies . . . Seek first God’s kingdom and His righteousness . . . Judge not, that you be not judged” (Mat 5:33, 44; 6:33; 7:1). Jesus set down these teachings as the necessary standards of moral righteousness. At the end of the Sermon on the Mount He denounced the kind of faith that is only lip service. He said those who relied only on faith risked the loss of eternal salvation. He warned: “On that day many will call out to me ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy and cast out demons in your name?’ And then I will declare to them: ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you evildoers’” (Mat 7:21-23).
Let us also recall the parable about the Last Judgment (Mat 25:31-46). When Christ comes in His glory with all the angels, He will gather all the nations before Him for universal judgment. Everyone will be divided into two groups--the sheep on the right and the goats on the left--before Christ the King. The ones on the right will be blessed and given the inheritance of the eternal kingdom. The ones on the left will be cursed and sent off to eternal fire. What will make the difference? What will be the criterion of judgment? Works of mercy! Feeding the hungry, welcoming the stranger, clothing the naked, visiting the sick and the prisoner. Jesus declared: “Truly, I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me” (Mat 25:40).
On another occasion Jesus referred to faith as lifetime work. He urged a crowd not to “labor for the food that perishes, but for the food which endures to eternal life.” They asked: “What must we do to be doing the works of God (Ti poiomen ina ergazometha to erga tou Theou)?” He replied: “This is the work of God (to ergon tou Theou): that you believe in Him whom God has sent” (John 6:27-29). The most pleasing work to God is the continuous exercise of faith in Christ as Savior and Lord throughout our lives. Christ promised us a continuous personal communion with Him, a continuous Easter experience, based on love, faith, and the keeping of His commandments. He said: “If you love me, you will keep my commandments . . . If a person loves me, He will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him” (John 14:15-17, 23). Our “new birth” is given to us in Baptism according to the words of the Lord: “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God” (John 3:5). And if we lose our way, heartfelt prayer, repentance, Holy Confession and Holy Communion provide personal occasions for spiritual renewal throughout our lives. How important for salvation the Eucharist is, we know from the words of Christ: “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day” (John 6:54). In these many ways, according to Christ, Orthodox Christians throughout their lives receive salvation and renewal through faith, works, and the sacraments of the Church.
Then there is St. Paul. The apostle is known as the foremost advocate of justification by faith. In the above text of Gal 2:16-20, St. Paul seems to say something very different than His Master about faith and works. These words of Paul reflect his conversion by which he left behind the Law of Moses and joined Christ wholeheartedly. Previously the Mosaic Law was the center of his life, but after Damascus Christ became the core of his being. Christ dwelt in St. Paul: “It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me” (Gal 2:20). From this transformed perspective Paul contrasted and opposed faith and works. He did so categorically: “A person is not justified by works of the Law but through faith in Jesus Christ; even we have believed in Christ Jesus, in order to be justified by faith in Christ, and not by works of the Law, because by works of the Law shall no one be justified” (Gal 2:16). The key to this passage is to see that St. Paul is referring not to ethical works but to “works of the Law” (erga tou nomou), namely, the Mosaic Law.
What are the works of the Mosaic Law? Anyone who studies Galatians carefully will note the apostle is referring to the Jewish religious practices of circumcision, dietary laws, and festivals (Gal 2:2-5, 12; 4:9; 5:1-6, 12; 6:12-15). The same reference to “works of the Law” is also primary in the Letter to the Romans (Rom 3:19-20, 27-30). For Paul, such practices were no longer necessary for salvation. Christ had fulfilled their purpose and also terminated them at the same time (Rom 8:4; 10:4). For Paul, to adopt such religious practices as some Gentile Christians were doing, was nothing less that betrayal of the gospel (Gal 1:6-9). He declared: “I testify again to every man who receives circumcision that he is bound to keep the whole Law. You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the Law; you have fallen away from grace” (Gal 5:3-4). St. Paul is not opposing faith to ethical works but to the “works of the Law.”
But what does St. Paul say about ethical works? Do ethical works have a place in salvation? The answer is, most certainly, yes. In the same Letter to the Galatians, Paul uses a striking expression: “faith working through love” (Gal 5:6). Yes, faith is primary, but faith working through love--loving deeds. Good deeds are inseparable from and essential to the life of faith. Otherwise, according to Paul, those who commit sinful acts and do not repent of them--and he names them: fornication, idolatry, sorcery, selfishness, drunkenness, carousing, and the like--“will not inherit the kingdom of God” (Gal 5:21; see also 1 Cor 6:9-11). In other words, those who do such things, including Christians to whom he is writing, will suffer ultimate loss of salvation. Toward the end of Galatians Paul pens the following admonition as well: “Do not be deceived; God is not mocked, for whatever a person sows, that he will also reap . . . Let us not grow weary in doing good (to agathon), for in due season we shall reap, if we do not lose heart . . . Let us do good to all, and especially to those who are of the household of the faith” (Gal 6:7, 9-10). We come to Christ as sinners and are justified by faith apart from good works. But once we connect with Christ and enjoy a saving relationship with Him, we ought to honor Him with good works because we love Christ and also because our final judgment will hinge in part on the criterion of good deeds. Paul states: “For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive good or evil, according to what he has done in the body” (2 Cor 5:10).
According to St. Paul, not only loving deeds but also the sacraments of Baptism (Rom 6:1-11) and the Eucharist (1 Cor 10:16-22; 11:23-32) are decisive to salvation. Read carefully Paul’s Letter to the Romans, chapters 1-6. Note how often in chapters 1-5 he speaks of faith, the importance of faith, and the blessings that come from faith. But when do all these blessings take place? What is the event at which salvation truly takes hold? Baptism! That’s the answer St. Paul gives in Romans, chapter 6. All of chapter 6 is about Baptism and life after Baptism. For Paul, it is in Baptism that the believer is united with Christ, dies to the power of sin, and receives new life in Christ (6:1-11). Baptized Christians ought to use their bodies no longer “as instruments of sin but as weapons of righteousness” (6:12-13). Life after Baptism, says Paul, includes the responsibility to live by the “standard of teaching” (typon didaches) which Christians have been taught (6:17). Otherwise, even for Christians, “the wages of sin is death” (6:23). Paul is clear-cut about the criterion of final judgment: “God will render to every person according to his works; to those who by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and immortality, God will give eternal life; but for those who . . . obey wickedness, there will be wrath and fury” (Rom 2:6-8).
Let us sum up the main points. The work of salvation belongs entirely to God. It is God through Christ and the Holy Spirit, who has the divine power to rescue us from the forces of sickness, evil, sin, death, and the devil. It is God through Christ and the Holy Spirit who alone provides justification, forgiveness, and new life to sinners who come to Him with faith. And God provides salvation as a most amazing and unceasing gift to all sincere seekers.
From our side, the question is about receiving and using the gift of salvation. The gift is offered, but if we do not receive it, we don’t have it, and certainly cannot use it. God offers the gift. We can choose to accept it or reject it. As Orthodox Christians we do not believe in predestination. Jesus said: “Whoever wants to come after me, let him take up his cross and follow me” (Mark 8:34). The gift and the challenge to follow Jesus through a life of faith and works coincide.
The reception of the gift of salvation is not a one-time event but a life-time process. St. Paul employs the verb “to save” (sozesthai) in the past tense (“we have been saved,” Rom 8:24; Eph 2:5); in the present tense (“we are being saved,” 1 Cor 1:18; 15:2), and in the future tense (“we will be saved,” Rom 5:10). He can think even of justification as a future event and part of the final judgment (Rom 2:13, 16). For Paul, Christians are involved in a lifetime covenant with God in which we work, planting and watering, but it is “only God who gives the growth” (1 Cor 3:7). We are “co-workers with God” (synergoi Theou, 1 Cor 3:9; 1 Thess 3:2). (Not “co-workers under God” as some translations would have it). The mystery of salvation is a duet, not a solo. It is a life-time engagement with God. It has ups and downs, twists and turns, with opportunities to grow in the love of God, knowing that we can turn to Him again and again and receive forgiveness and a new birth. When we come to Christ as sinners, we have no works to offer to Him, but only faith and repentance. But once we come to Him and receive the gift of salvation, we enter into a sacred covenant to honor Him with good works. We read in Ephesians: “For by grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not your own doing, it is the gift of God . . . [We are] created in Christ Jesus for good works” (Eph 2:8-10).
The teaching of the New Testament is that God’s grace, our free will, and our faith and good works, are intimately connected. The Holy Spirit energizes in us both faith and good works as we thirst for and seek God’s grace. Neither faith nor good works can be presented as merit before God, but only as return gifts in humility, love, and thanksgiving. Let us not forget as well the sober words of James: “Faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead . . . Faith is completed by works . . . A person is justified by works and not by faith alone” (James 2:17, 22, 24). By free will, faith, and earnest labors, we work together with the grace of God in the awesome gift and mystery of salvation. As St. Paul puts it: “Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; for God is at work in you, both to will and to work His good pleasure” (Phil 2:12-13). To God Almighty, together with the Son and the Holy Spirit, be praise and worship forever. Amen.
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